Block for constructions, panel for construction using the block, and method of forming panel for construction

ABSTRACT

A block ( 10 ) for construction capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with four outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, an upper surface ( 10   a ), a lower surface ( 10   b ), a left side surface ( 10   c ), and a right side surface ( 10   d ) brought into contact with each other. In the block ( 10 ) for construction, a plurality of through holes ( 11 ) for inserting bar-like stretching members therein are formed parallel with the front surface ( 10   f ) and the rear surface ( 10   e ) thereof, and recessed parts ( 12 ) are formed in the upper surface ( 10   a ) and lower surface ( 10   b ) forming outer peripheral surfaces crossing the axial direction of the through holes ( 11 ) to dispose the other stretching members in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into the through holes ( 11 ). By using the block ( 10 ) for construction, the flat structures such as the wall parts and floor parts of a building can be easily constructed in a rather short period, and the durabilities of these flat structures can also be increased.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a technique for constructing a flatstructure such as a wall, a floor and a ceiling of a reinforced concretebuilding.

BACKGROUND ART

When constructing a structure such as a wall, a floor and a ceiling of areinforced concrete building, a construction method which has beenemployed heretofore is that a concrete mold is assembled at aconstruction site, and reinforcing bars are arranged in the mold,followed by casting of concrete.

In the above on-site casting method, however, it takes considerablelabor and time to assemble a concrete mold, to cast concrete, and toharden and cure the concrete, which hinders effort to shorten workperiods. Furthermore, these steps require highly-skilled expertengineers in each field.

In addition, a broad work space is needed for carrying in a mold andreinforcing bars to a site as well as for assembling members and castingconcrete. Therefore, if a road leading to a construction site is narrowor a site is small, workability is extremely lowered.

In view of the above problems, some other techniques for constructing astructure such as a wall, a fence and a basic foundation have beendeveloped. Specifically, various kinds of concrete blocks that have beenfabricated in a plant beforehand are carried in to a construction site,these concrete blocks are arranged in vertical and horizontal directionsto form a flat body, and the blocks are fixed to each other with a givenconnecting means, thereby constructing a wall or a fence (see the patentdocuments 1 and 2, for example).

In the stacking-type concrete block described in the patent document 1,connecting pin members are inserted into a plurality of pipe membersimplanted in top and bottom surfaces of the blocks to connect the blocksto each other, thereby constructing a wall, a basic foundation, or thelike.

In the method of constructing a block wall described in the patentdocument 2, a number of concrete blocks are laid out in vertical andhorizontal directions, joint surfaces of each of the concrete blocks arebonded with an adhesive agent while inserting steel bars for loadingtensile force into predetermined positions to fasten the blocks. A blockpanel thus formed is built up as a wall.

Patent Document 1: Unexamined Japanese Utility Model RegistrationPublication No. Sho 64-7618 (pages 5 to 9)

Patent Document 2: Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho55-39569 (pages 3 to 8)

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

In the stacked-type concrete block described in the patent document 1,the use of the connecting pin members enables the blocks to beaccurately and securely stacked. However, as the connecting pin membershave to be provided on every boundary portion between the blocksabutting in a vertical direction, the work requires a large amount oftime and labor.

Moreover, since the connecting pin members do not pull the blocks to fixthem to each other, if pulling force is loaded in axial directions ofthe connecting pin members at the boundary portions between the stackedand constructed blocks, the blocks may separate. As a result, whereasthis block is preferable to the structures on which only compressiveforce in the axial directions of the connecting pin members is loaded,such as a wall, a fence and a basic foundation, it is not suitable forthe structure such as a floor of a building where external force can beloaded in a direction of deflection.

On the other hand, the method of constructing a block wall described inthe patent document 2, joint surfaces of a number of blocks laid out invertical and horizontal directions are bonded with an adhesive agentwhile inserting steel bars for loading tensile force to fasten theblocks, thereby forming a block panel. In this case, the force ofconnecting blocks to each other is small because the places into whichthe steel bars for loading tensile force are inserted are joint portionsof adjacent blocks.

Furthermore, as the joint surfaces of these blocks are bonded with anadhesive agent, the blocks has poor durability because the jointedportions of the blocks sometimes break up or cause a gap therebetweendue to deterioration or shrinkage of the adhesive agent with passage oftime after construction.

A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide atechnique for constructing a flat structure such as a wall or a floor ofa building in a relatively short time and an easy manner while improvingdurability of the flat structure.

Means for Solving the Problems

A block for construction according to the present invention is a blockfor construction capable of constructing a flat structure by arrangingthe plurality of blocks in a flat state with outer peripheral surfacesthereof brought into contact with each other, the block for constructioncomprising a plurality of through holes formed for inserting linear orbar-like stretching members, and recessed parts formed on outerperipheral surfaces crossing an axial direction of the through holes todispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossing an axial directionof the stretching members, other stretching members.

In the above structure, the plurality of the blocks for construction arearranged in a flat state so as to have contact with each other on theirouter peripheral surfaces in such a manner that the plurality of thethrough holes communicate with each other while inserting the stretchingmembers into the plurality of the through holes and disposing thestretching members on the recessed parts. By generating tensile force onthese stretching members, the blocks for construction are bonded bypressure to form a flat structure.

Accordingly, by building up the above flat structure as a wall, a flooror a ceiling when constructing a building, the flat structure such asthe wall or the floor can easily be constructed in a relatively shorttime. In addition, the adjacent blocks for construction are bonded withpressure by the stretching members only, which causes no deteriorationof an adhesive agent, leading to excellent durability.

Here, the plurality of through holes may preferably be provided inparallel with each other with intervals therebetween in athrough-thickness direction of a body of the block or in a directionperpendicular thereto. With this arrangement, the body of the block canbe firmly held with the stretching members inserted into these throughholes, and thus the strength after construction of the flat structure isfurther increased.

As another arrangement, if a plurality of cavities opening at more thanone place on the outer peripheral surfaces is provided, the weight ofthe body of the block itself can be decreased, and heat insulation isalso improved. Moreover, after arranging the bodies of the plurality ofblocks for construction to form the flat structure, the cavities cancommunicate with each other in a direction along the surfaces, therebydecreasing the weight of the flat structure and improving the heatinsulation thereof.

Next, a panel for construction according to the present invention is apanel for construction formed by arranging the plurality of theabove-described blocks for construction in a flat state with outerperipheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other withthe plurality of through holes being communicated, inserting thestretching members into the plurality of through holes while disposingthe stretching members on the recessed parts, and bonding the blocks forconstruction by pressure by generating tensile force on these stretchingmembers.

By the above structure, a flat structure such as a wall or a floor of abuilding can be easily constructed in a relatively short time. Noadhesive agent is used at all, and thus the durability of the flatstructure is also improved.

Preferably, reaction force members for generating tensile force on theabove-described stretching member may be attached to outer peripheralsurfaces of the blocks for construction, which are located on peripheralportions of the panel for construction. The reaction force members thusattached can appropriately generate tensile force on the stretchingmembers, which further enhances the strength and durability. In thiscase, if the reaction force members are attached so as to cover wholeperipheral portions like a frame, the rigidity is increased while thereaction force of the tensile force generated on the stretching memberscan be dispersed over the whole peripheral portions. Consequently,generation of cracks caused by stress concentration can be prevented.

In this case, preferably, a gap filling agent may intervene between theadjacent blocks for construction for dispersing reaction force. By thisstructure, in the panel for construction, small gaps occurring from poorprecision manufacturing of the blocks existing between the adjacentblocks for construction are filled with the gap filling agent. Thus,compressive stress generated between the blocks for construction due tothe pressure exerted on the blocks for construction by the tensile forceof the stretching members is uniformly dispersed by the gap fillingagent existing between the adjacent blocks for construction andtransmitted all over the adjacent blocks for construction. Therefore,generation of cracks or ruptures on the blocks for construction due toconcentration of the compressive stress can be prevented.

In this case, the above-described gap filling agent to be employed maybe a curable paste or a material deformable by the pressure of thebonded blocks for construction. Here, the curable paste refers to asubstance which is a paste at the start of use and, after evaporation ofwater or a solvent, or through chemical reaction such as hardeningreaction, has a property of hardening to the extent not to rupture bythe pressure of the bonded blocks for construction. The materialdeformable by the pressure of the bonded blocks means that at least apart of the material is deformable so as to fill the gap between theblocks along the shape of the gap when the material is clamped betweenthe blocks for construction.

The gap filling agents having the above-described properties seep orcause deformation between the adjacent blocks for construction by thepressure exerted on the blocks for construction by the tensile force ofthe stretching members, and fill the gap existing between the blocks forconstruction. Thus, most of the small gaps between the blocks forconstruction can be eliminated. Accordingly, the compressive stressgenerated between the blocks for construction is uniformly dispersed andtransmitted through the gap filling agent, thereby preventing generationof cracks or ruptures due to stress concentration. The above fillingagents intervene between the adjacent blocks for construction whenarranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state. In the case ofcurable paste, preferably, when the paste is hardened to the state inwhich the paste itself can transmit the compressive stress, the blocksfor construction are pressurized and bonded to fill the gaps between theblocks for construction. As the material deformable by the pressure ofthe bonded blocks, a paper material (cardboard, for example), a metallicmaterial (a steel sheet, for example) or the like can be employed.

If a cement paste or liquid glass is used as the curable paste, smallgaps existing between the adjacent blocks for construction can be filledin without any unevenness and leaks, which leads to an excellent stressdispersing function. Similar to the above, it is preferable that theblocks for construction are bonded with pressure at the point that thecement paste or the liquid glass is hardened to the state in which itcan transmit the compressive stress.

Meanwhile, as the reaction force member described above, preferably, ablock body having a solid structure may be used in a region close to theperipheral portion of the panel for construction. Here, the solidstructure refers to a structure having neither a through hole nor acavity except an opening for inserting a bolt. By this structure, it ispossible to prevent the reaction force member from rupture or damage dueto pulling force loaded on the reaction force member (the block body)for generating tensile force on the stretching members.

Next, a method of forming a panel for structure according to the presentinvention is a method comprising steps of arranging the plurality ofabove-described blocks for construction to be adjacent to each other ina flat state with a gap filling agent for dispersing stress interveningbetween outer peripheral surfaces of the blocks for construction andwith the plurality of above-described through holes communicating witheach other, inserting stretching members into the plurality of throughholes while disposing stretching members on the above-described recessedparts, and loading tensile force on the stretching members to bond theblocks for construction with pressure.

By the above structure, a panel for construction suitable for a flatstructure such as a wall or floor of a building can be easily formed ina relatively short time. Furthermore, the intervention of the gapfilling agent eliminates generation of cracks or rupture due to stressconcentration, thereby further improving the strength and thedurability.

Advantage of the Invention

(1) In a block for construction capable of constructing a flat structureby arranging a plurality of the blocks with their outer peripheralsurfaces brought into contact with each other, provided are a pluralityof through holes formed for inserting linear or bar-like stretchingmembers and recessed parts formed on outer peripheral surfaces crossingthe axial direction of the through holes to dispose, in a directionthree-dimensionally crossing the stretching members, other stretchingmembers. Therefore, by simply arranging these blocks for structure in aflat state and connecting them, a flat structure such as a wall or afloor of a building can be constructed in a relatively short time and aneasy manner while enhancing the durability of the flat structure.

(2) A plurality of through holes is provided in parallel with each otherwith intervals therebetween in a through-thickness direction of a bodyof the block or a direction vertical thereto. As this enables the blockbody to be firmly held with the stretching members inserted into thesethrough holes, the strength after construction of the flat structure isfurther increased.

(3) Cavities opening at more than one place provided on theabove-described outer peripheral surfaces can decrease the weight of theblock body itself and render heat insulation. In addition, whenarranging the plurality of blocks for structure to form a flatstructure, these cavities can communicate with each other in a directionalong the surfaces so that the weight of the flat structure can bedecreased while improving the heat insulation thereof.

(4) A panel for construction is formed by arranging the blocks forconstruction as described in the above (1) to (3) in a flat state withouter peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each otherand with the plurality of through holes being communicated, insertingthe stretching members into the plurality of through holes whiledisposing the stretching members on the recessed parts, and bonding theblocks for construction by pressure by generating tensile force on thesestretching members. By this structure, a flat structure such as a wallor a floor of a building can be easily constructed in a relatively shorttime. No adhesive agent is used at all, and thus the durability of theflat structure is also improved.

(5) By attaching reaction force members for generating tensile force onthe above stretching members to outer peripheral surfaces of the blocksfor construction, which are located on peripheral portions, the strengthand the durability can be further improved.

(6) With a gap filling agent intervening between the adjacent blocks ofconstruction for dispersing reacting force, gaps between the adjacentblocks for construction are filled with the gap filling agent, and thecompressive stress generated between the blocks for construction isuniformly dispersed and transmitted over the adjacent blocks forconstruction. Therefore, generation of cracks or ruptures on the blocksfor construction due to concentration of the compressive stress can beprevented.

(7) As the above gap filling agent, if a curable paste, or a metallic orpaper material which is deformable by the pressure of the bonded blocksfor construction is employed, most of the small gaps between the blocksfor construction can be eliminated, thereby preventing generation ofcracks or ruptures due to stress concentration.

(8) By using a cement paste or liquid glass as the curable paste, smallgaps existing between the blocks for construction can be filled in arelatively easy operation without causing any unevenness. Accordingly,generation of cracks or ruptures due to stress concentration can beeliminated.

(9) As the reaction force member described above, if a block body havinga solid structure is used in a region close to the peripheral portion ofthe panel for construction, it is possible to prevent the reaction forcemember from rupture or damage due to pulling force loaded on thereaction force member for generating tensile force on the stretchingmembers.

(10) The method of the present invention includes steps of arranging theplurality of blocks for construction described above (1) to (3) in aflat state to be adjacent to each other with a gap filling agent fordispersing stress intervening between outer peripheral surfaces of theblocks for construction and with the plurality of above-describedthrough holes communicating with each other, inserting stretchingmembers into the plurality of the through holes while disposingstretching members on the above-described recessed parts, and loadingtensile force on the stretching members to bond the blocks forconstruction by pressure. By this method, it is possible to form a panelfor construction with high strength and durability suitable for a flatstructure such as a wall or a floor of a building easily in a relativelyshort time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[FIG. 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a block forconstruction of a first embodiment of the present invention.

[FIG. 2] FIG. 2 (a) is a plan view of the block for construction in FIG.1; (b) is a front view of the same block; and (c) is a side view of thesame block.

[FIG. 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a block forconstruction of a second embodiment of the present invention.

[FIG. 4] FIG. 4 (a) is a plan view of the block for construction in FIG.3; (b) is a front view of the same block; and (c) is a side view of thesame block.

[FIG. 5] FIG. 5(a) is a perspective view of a panel for constructionformed with the block for construction in FIG. 1; and (b) is aperspective view illustrating an arrangement of stretching members inthe panel for construction.

[FIG. 6] FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a cornerportion of the panel for construction in FIG. 5 (a).

[FIG. 7] FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a state where tensileforce is loaded on the stretching members of the panel for constructionin FIG. 5.

[FIG. 8] FIG. 8 (a) is a perspective view illustrating a panel forconstruction formed with the block for construction in FIGS. 1 and 2;and (b) is a perspective view illustrating an arrangement of stretchingmembers in this penal for construction.

[FIG. 9] FIG. 9 is a partially omitted perspective view illustrating astate where a wall and a floor of a building are constructed by thepanel for construction in FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 8 (a).

[FIG. 10] FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a fence constructedby combining panels for construction formed with the block forconstruction in FIG. 1.

[FIG. 11] FIG. 11 is a plan view illustrating a block for constructionof a third embodiment of the present invention.

[FIG. 12] FIG. 12 is a side view of the block for construction in FIG.11.

[FIG. 13] FIG. 13 is a plan view illustrating a block for constructionof a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[FIG. 14] FIG. 14 is a side view of the block for construction in FIG.13.

[FIG. 15] FIG. 15 is a plan view of an auxiliary block which is used incombination with the block for construction in FIGS. 11 and 13.

[FIG. 16] FIG. 16 is a side view of the auxiliary block in FIG. 15.

[FIG. 17] FIG. 17 is a perspective view illustrating a panel forconstruction formed with the block for construction in FIGS. 11 and 13.

[FIG. 18] FIG. 18 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the panelfor construction in FIG. 17.

[FIG. 19] FIG. 19 (a) is a partially enlarged perspective view of thepanel for construction in FIG. 17; and (b) is a partially enlarged viewof (a).

[FIG. 20] FIG. 20 (a) is a sectional view taken along the line A-A ofFIG. 17; and (b) is a sectional view taken along the line B-B of FIG.17.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

10, 20, 70, 80: block for construction

10 a, 20 a, 70 a, 80 a: upper surface

10 b, 20 b, 70 b, 80 b: lower surface

10 c, 20 c, 70 c, 80 c: left side surface

10 d, 20 d, 70 d, 80 d: right side surface

10 e, 20 e, 70 e, 80 e: rear surface

10 f, 20 f, 70 f, 80 f: front surface

10 w, 20 w, 70 w, 80 w, 90 w: dimension in length direction

10 t, 20 t: through-thickness direction

11, 21, 33, 71, 81, 91: through hole

12, 22, 72, 82, 92: recessed part

13, 23, 73, 83: cavity

14, 24, 74, 84: groove

30, 30X, 30Y, 31: stretching member

32: reaction force member

30 a, 31 a: external thread part

34 a, 34 b, 34 c, 34 d, 34 e: holding plate

35, 37: nut

36: spring washer

40, 41, 42, 50, 100: panel for construction

43: fence

60, 61: beam

90, 90 h: auxiliary block

93: recessed part

C: ceiling

F: floor

SP: cement paste

W: wall

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In reference to FIGS. 1 to 10, explained below are a block forconstruction and a panel for construction according to first and secondembodiments of the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a block for construction 10 of the firstembodiment of the present invention is, as further described below, ablock capable of constructing a flat structure by arranging theplurality of blocks in a flat state with four outer peripheral surfacesthereof, that are, an upper surface 10 a, a lower surface 10 b, a leftside surface 10 c and a right side surface 10 d brought into contactwith each other. In the block for construction 10, a plurality ofthrough holes 11 for inserting bar-like stretching members therein, asfurther described below, are formed in parallel with a front surface 10f and a rear surface 11 e, and recessed parts 12 are formed on the uppersurface 10 a and the lower surface 10 b forming outer peripheralsurfaces crossing an axial direction of the through holes 11 to dispose,in a direction three-dimensionally crossing the stretching membersinserted into the through holes 11, other stretching members.

The block for construction 10 is further formed with five cavities 13opening on the upper surface 10 a and the lower surface 10 b in a mannerof penetrating the block for construction 10. On each of the left sidesurface 10 c and the right side surface 10 d, a groove 14 is formed inthe same direction of the arranging direction of the cavities 13.

A block for construction 20 illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 is, similar tothe block for construction 10, a block capable of constructing a flatstructure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state with fourouter peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, an upper surface 20 a, alower surface 20 b, a left side surface 20 c and a right side surface 20d brought into contact with each other. In the block for construction20, a plurality of through holes 21 for inserting stretching memberstherein are formed in parallel with a front surface 20 f and a rearsurface 20 e, and recessed parts 22 are formed on the upper surface 20 aand the lower surface 20 b forming outer peripheral surfaces crossing anaxial direction of the through holes 21 to dispose, in a directionthree-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into thethrough holes 21, other stretching members.

The block for construction 20 is also formed with two cavities 23opening on the upper surface 20 a and the lower surface 20 b in a mannerof penetrating the block for construction 20. On each of the left sidesurface 20 c and the right side surface 20 d, a groove 24 is formed inthe same direction of the arranging direction of the cavities 23.

As described above, the only difference between the block forconstruction 10 and the block for construction 20 is the dimension in alength direction. The dimensions and structures of the remaining partsare the same. In other words, only a dimension in a length direction 10w of the block for construction 10 is a double of a dimension in alength direction 20 w of the block for construction 20, and otherfeatures are the same.

As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the plurality of blocks for construction 10 arearranged in a flat state so that the outer peripheral surfaces thereofare brought into contact with each other and that the plurality ofthrough holes 11 linearly communicates with each other in the axialdirection. As shown in FIG. 5 (b), stretching members 30 are insertedinto the plurality of through holes 11 communicating with each other,and stretching members 31 are disposed on the recessed parts 12. Then,reaction force members 32 are attached along the outer peripheralsurfaces of the blocks for construction 10 located on an utmost outerperiphery. As shown in FIG. 6, holding plates 34 a, 34 b and 34 c aremounted on external thread parts 30 a and 31 a of the stretching members30 and 31 that are protruding from through holes 33 of the reactionforce members 32, spring washers 36 are attached, and nuts 35 arescrewed thereon.

Then, by fastening the nuts 35 to generate tensile force on thestretching members 30 and 31, the blocks for construction 10 are firmlybonded together and, as shown in FIG. 5, a panel for construction 40which is a flat structure is formed. In this case, at the portions wherethe reaction force members 32 abut on each other, it is preferable touse the holding plates 34 a and 34 c that are long enough to stride overthe adjacent portions so that the adjacent reaction force members can befirmly connected to each other.

As the stretching members 30 and 31, if deformed reinforcing barsprovided with external threads on outer peripheries thereof areemployed, the nuts 35 can be screwed on without forming the externalthreads parts 30 a and 31 a. In addition, if the stretching members 30and 31 are coated with a corrosion-resistant material such as a resinpipe, the corrosion resistance is enhanced to prevent rust developmentdue to moisture infiltrating from boundaries between the blocks forconstruction 10. Furthermore, the spring washers 36 intervening betweenthe holding plates 34 a, 34 b and 34 c and the nuts 35 can preventdeterioration of the tensile force caused by contraction of the blockfor construction 10 or extension of the stretching members 30 and 31.

In a panel for construction 40, the stretching members 30 and thestretching members 31 are disposed in a manner perpendicularly crossingeach other lengthwise and crosswise. While the stretching members 31 aredisposed one by one in each of the spaces formed by the adjacentrecessed parts 12, the stretching members 30 are disposed two by two tobe arranged in a through-thickness direction of the panel. Thus, thenumbers of the stretching members disposed are different lengthwise andcrosswise. Accordingly, when fastening the nuts 35 to load tensile forceon the stretching members 30 and 31, the tensile force is differentiatedso as to equalize the strength in a direction of deflection of the panelfor construction 40.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), when 10 tons of tensile force isloaded on the stretching members 31 in the direction of arrows, it ispreferable that, in two stretching members 30X and 30Y shown in FIG. 7(b), 10 tons of tensile force is loaded in the direction of arrows onthe stretching member 30X located on an upper side, while 5 tons oftensile force is loaded in the direction of arrows on the stretchingmember 30Y located on a lower side. By loading tensile force in thismanner, the difference between the strength of the panel forconstruction 40 in the direction of the stretching members 31 and thestrength in the direction of the stretching members 30X and 30Y can beconsiderably decreased, thereby equalizing the strength of the panel forconstruction 40 in the direction of deflection.

In the panel for construction 40, the blocks for construction 10 arearranged in a grid pattern. However, as shown in FIG. 8, it is possibleto arrange the plurality of blocks for construction 10 in a zigzagpattern to form a panel for construction 50. In this case, the blocksfor construction 20 shown in FIG. 3 are arranged in peripheral portionsso as to form an utmost periphery straight. The stretching members 30and 31 and the reaction force members 32 are mounted in a similar mannerto the panel for construction 40.

When constructing a building, as shown in FIG. 9, the panels forconstruction 40 and 50 formed as above are built up as a wall W, a floorF and a ceiling C, thereby easily constructing these flat structures ina relatively short time. In this case, by providing beams 60 and 61 on aconnecting portion between the wall W and the floor F and on aconnecting portion between the wall W and the ceiling C to receive theperipheral portions of the panels for construction 40, these connectingportions can be easily constructed while enhancing the strength.

In the panels for construction 40 and 50, the blocks for construction 10and 20 are bonded only by the stretching members 30 and 31 without usingany adhesive agent. Therefore, no deterioration of an adhesive agent iscaused after construction, leading to excellent durability.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the plurality of through holes 11 and 21 inthe blocks for construction 10 and 20 are provided in parallel with eachother with intervals therebetween in though-thickness directions 10 tand 20 t of the blocks 10 and 20 or on the dimensions in a lengthdirection 10 w and 20 w which are perpendicular to the through-thicknessdirections 10 t and 20 t. Accordingly, the stretching members 30inserted into these through holes 11 and 21 can securely hold the blocks10 and 20 to construct the panels for construction 40 and 50 with highstrength.

On the other hand, as the blocks for construction 10 and 20 have thecavities 13 and 23 opening on the upper and lower surfaces,respectively, when arranging the blocks for construction 10 and 20 toform the panels for construction 40 and 50, these cavities 13 and 23communicate with each other in a surface direction. Thus, the weight ofthe panels for construction 40 and 50 can be decreased while providinggood heat insulation.

In the panels for construction 40 and 50, the reacting force members 32are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the blocks forconstruction 10 and 20 located on the peripheral portions of the panelsto generate tensile force on the stretching members 30 and 31.Therefore, it is possible to generate appropriate tensile force on thestretching members 30 and 31 to provide excellent strength anddurability. Moreover, as the reaction force members 32 are attached soas to cover whole peripheral portions like a frame, the rigidity isincreased while the reaction force of the tensile force generated on thestretching members 30 and 31 can be dispersed over the whole peripheralportions. Consequently, generation of cracks caused by stressconcentration can be prevented.

The length/width ratios and the dimensions of the panels forconstruction 40 and 50 can be optionally set by changing the number ofthe blocks for constructions 10 and 20 to be arranged lengthwise andcrosswise or the total number of the blocks, enabling a wide use asvarious kinds of flat structures constructing a building. Additionally,as shown in FIG. 10, panels for construction 41 and 42 having differentshapes (lengthwise/crosswise ratios) or dimensions formed by theplurality of blocks for construction 10 can be combined to form a flatstructure such as a fence 43.

Next, in reference to FIGS. 11 to 20, a block for construction and apanel for construction using the block according to third and fourthembodiments of the present invention are explained.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a block for construction 70 of the firstembodiment is a block capable of constructing a flat structure (a panelfor construction) described below by arranging the plurality of blocksin a flat state with four outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are,an upper surface 70 a, a lower surface 70 b, a left side surface 70 cand a right side surface 70 d brought into contact with each other. Inthe block for construction 70, a plurality of through holes 71 forinserting bar-like stretching members therein, as further describedbelow, are formed in parallel with a front surface 70 f and a rearsurface 70 e, and recessed parts 72 are formed on the upper surface 70 aforming an outer peripheral surface crossing an axial direction of thethrough holes 71 to dispose, in a direction three-dimensionally crossingthe stretching members inserted into the through holes 71, otherstretching members.

The block for construction 70 is further formed with five cavities 73opening on the upper surface 70 a and the lower surface 70 b in a mannerof penetrating the block for construction 70. On each of the left sidesurface 70 c and the right side surface 70 d, a groove 74 is formed inthe same direction of the arranging direction of the cavities 73.

A block for construction 80 illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14 is used incombination with the block for construction 70 and is a block capable ofconstructing a flat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks 80 ina flat state with three outer peripheral surfaces thereof, that are, anupper surface 80 a, a lower surface 80 b and a left side surface 80 cbrought into contact with the block for construction 70. In the blockfor construction 80, a plurality of through holes 81 for insertingstretching members therein are formed in parallel with a front surface80 f and a rear surface 80 e, and recessed parts 82 are formed on theupper surface 80 a forming an outer peripheral surface crossing an axialdirection of the through holes 81 to dispose, in a directionthree-dimensionally crossing the stretching members inserted into thethrough holes 81, other stretching members.

The block for construction 80 is further formed with a plurality ofcavities 83 opening on the upper surface 80 a and the lower surface 80 bin a manner of penetrating the block for construction 80. On the leftside surface 80 c that is one side surface of the block for construction80, a groove 84 is formed in the same direction of the arrangingdirection of the cavities 83.

In the block for construction 70 and the block for construction 80,dimensions 70 w and 80 w in length directions are the same, and thenumbers and positions of the through holes 73 and 83 are the same.However, the numbers of the cavities 73 and 83 and the grooves 74 and 84are different. Specifically, in the block for construction 70, the fivecavities 73 are symmetrically disposed and the groove 74 is formed onboth of the left side surface 70 c and the right side surface 70 dwhereas, in the block for construction 80, the three cavities 83 aredisposed between a center and the left side surface 80 c and the groove84 is formed only on the left side surface 80 c.

An auxiliary block 90 illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16 is to be combinedwith the blocks for construction 70 and 80 to form a panel forconstruction explained later. The auxiliary block 90 has the same outerdimension as those of the blocks for construction 70 and 80 shown inFIG. 11, and is a block body having a rectangular parallelepiped shapewith flat outer peripheral surfaces, provided with a plurality ofthrough holes 91 having the same sizes on the positions corresponding tothe positions where the plurality of through holes 71 and 81 areprovided on the blocks for construction 70 and 80.

As shown in FIG. 17, the plurality of block for construction 70 arearranged in a flat state with the outer peripheral surfaces thereofbrought into contact with each other and with the plurality of throughholes 71 linearly communicating with each other in an axial direction.Then, as shown in FIG. 20 (a), the stretching members 30 are insertedinto the plurality of through holes 11 communicating with each otherand, as shown in FIG. 20 (b), the stretching members 31 are disposed ina recessed part 82. In this case, on both distal ends of the stretchingmembers 30, the auxiliary block 90 shown in FIG. 15 is disposed and, onthe positions near the both distal ends of the stretching members 31, anauxiliary block 90 h (see FIG. 18) is disposed. The auxiliary block 90 hhas a dimension in a length direction 90 w which is a half those of theblock for construction 80 and the auxiliary block 90 shown in FIG. 13and has a recessed part 93. As shown in FIG. 20 (b), the block forconstruction 80 is arranged with the groove 84 facing toward a center ofthe stretching member 30 in an axial direction, exposing the right sidesurface 80 d where the groove 84 is not formed.

When arranging the blocks for construction 70 and 80 and the auxiliaryblock 90, as shown in FIG. 19 (a), a cement paste SP which is a gapfilling agent for dispersing stress is provided to intervene between theadjacent blocks. The cement paste SP is a curable paste material. Theone used in the present embodiment is formed by mixing early-strengthportland cement and water in the ratio of around 2.6:1.0. In FIG. 19(a), the cement paste SP is emphatically illustrated like a conventional“joint”; however, the actual thickness of the cement paste SP is notmore than 1 mm and, preferably, about 0.1 to 0.2 mm.

Then, as shown in FIG. 20 (a), holding plates 34 d are mounted on theexternal thread parts 30 a of the stretching members 30, which areprotruding from the through holes 91 of the blocks for structure 90located on the outer periphery, followed by mounting spring washers (notshown) and screwing the nuts 37. In addition, as shown in FIG. 20 (b),holding plates 34 e are mounted on the external thread parts 31 a of thestretching members 31, which are protruding from the recessed parts 82of the blocks for structure 80 located on the outer periphery, followedby mounting spring washers (not shown) and screwing the nuts 37.

At the time when the cement paste SP is cured to be hard enough totransmit compressive stress, each of the nuts 37 is tightened togenerate tensile force on the stretching members 30 and 31. Thus, asshown in FIG. 19 (b), gaps between the blocks are filled with the cementpaste SP, and the block for structure 70 and 80 and the auxiliary block90 are firmly bonded to each other with pressure, thereby forming apanel for construction 100 as a flat structure as shown in FIG. 17. Inthis case, on outer peripheral portions of the panel for construction100, disposed are the blocks for structure 80 and the auxiliary blocks90 and 90 h which have no uneven surfaces, cavities and through holesexcept for bolt-holes on their exposed portions. Therefore, the blockscan be firmly bonded to each other with pressure and are free fromdamages caused by the stress loaded by the stretching members 30 and 31via the holding plates 34 d and 34 e.

As the stretching members 30 and 31, if deformed reinforcing barsprovided with external threads on outer peripheries thereof areemployed, the nuts 35 can be screwed on without forming the externalthread portions 30 a and 31 a. In addition, if the stretching members 30and 31 are coated with a corrosion-resistant material such as a resinpipe, the corrosion resistance is enhanced to prevent rust developmentdue to moisture infiltrating from boundaries between the blocks.Furthermore, the spring washers (not shown) intervening between theholding plates 34 d and 34 e and the nuts 37 can prevent deteriorationof the tensile force caused by contraction of the block or extension ofthe stretching members 30 and 31.

In the panel for construction 100, the blocks 90, 90 h and 80, as thereaction members for generating tensile force on the stretching members30 and 31, are disposed on peripheral portions of the panel forconstruction 100. Accordingly, the tensile force can be appropriatelygenerated on the stretching members 30 and 31, which leads to excellentstrength and durability. Furthermore, since the blocks 90, 90 h and 80as the reaction force members are disposed so as to cover wholeperipheral portions, the reaction force of the tensile force generatedon the stretching members 30 and 31 can be dispersed over the wholeperipheral portions. Consequently, generation of cracks due to stressconcentration can be prevented.

As shown in FIG. 19 (b), in the panel for construction 100, the cementpaste SP which is a gap filling agent for dispersing reacting forceintervenes between the adjacent blocks for construction 70 and 80 andthe auxiliary blocks 90 and 90 h so that gaps between the adjacentblocks are filled with the cement paste SP. By this structure,compressive stress generated between the blocks is uniformly dispersedand transmitted through the adjacent blocks. Therefore, generation ofcracks or ruptures on the blocks for construction 70 and 80 and theauxiliary blocks 90 and 90 h due to the concentration of compressivestress can be prevented.

In the above structure, the cement paste SP is employed as a gap fillingagent. As a result, in the panel for construction 100, most of the smallgaps between the adjacent blocks for construction 70 and 80 and theauxiliary blocks 90 and 90 h can be eliminated, and the compressivestress is uniformly dispersed and transmitted, thereby preventinggeneration of cracks or ruptures due to stress concentration. Other gapfilling agents for dispersing stress than the cement paste SP may be apaper material, liquid glass, or a metallic material which is deformableby the pressure of the bonded blocks exerted by tensile force generatedon the stretching members 30 and 31 (a ferrous material such as a steelsheet, for example).

Meanwhile, the block for construction 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and90 h which are block bodies having a solid structure are used in regionsclose to the peripheral portions of the panel for construction 100.Therefore, the force loaded on these blocks 80, 90 and 90 h as thereaction force members to generate tensile force on the stretchingmembers 30 and 31 does not break or damage the blocks 80, 90 and 90 h.Moreover, with the presence of the stretching members 30 and 31, thepanel for construction 100 can be elastically deformed in a deflectivedirection.

The length/width ratio and the dimension of the panel for construction100 can be optionally set by changing the number of the blocks forconstruction 70 and 80 and the auxiliary blocks 90 and 90 h to bearranged lengthwise and crosswise or the total number of the blocks.Accordingly, the panel for construction 100 can be widely used as avarious kinds of flat structures constructing a building.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The block for construction and the panel for construction according tothe present invention can be widely used as materials for forming a flatstructure such as a wall, a floor, a ceiling or a fence of a building.

1-10. (canceled)
 11. A block for construction capable of constructing aflat structure by arranging the plurality of blocks in a flat state withouter peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact with each other,the block for construction comprising: a plurality of through holesformed for inserting linear or bar-like stretching members, and recessedparts formed on said outer peripheral surfaces crossing an axialdirection of said through holes to dispose, in a directionthree-dimensionally crossing an axial direction of said stretchingmembers, other stretching members.
 12. The block for construction asclaimed in claim 1, wherein said plurality of through holes are providedin parallel with each other with intervals therebetween in athrough-thickness direction of a body of said block for construction orin a direction perpendicular thereto.
 13. The block for construction asclaimed in claim 11, wherein a plurality of cavities opening at morethan one place on said outer peripheral surfaces are provided.
 14. Apanel for construction formed by arranging said plurality of blocks forconstruction claimed in claim 11 in a flat state with outer peripheralsurfaces thereof brought into contact with each other with saidplurality of through holes being communicated, inserting said stretchingmembers into the plurality of through holes while disposing thestretching members on said recessed parts, and bonding said blocks forconstruction with pressure by generating tensile force on saidstretching members.
 15. The panel for construction as claimed in claim14, wherein a gap filling agent for dispersing reaction force intervenesbetween said blocks for construction which are adjacent to each other.16. The panel for construction as claimed in claim 14, wherein reactionforce members for generating tensile force on said stretching member areattached to outer peripheral surfaces of said blocks for construction,the outer peripheral surfaces being located on peripheral portions ofsaid panel for construction.
 17. The panel for construction as claimedin claim 16, wherein a block body having a solid structure is used assaid reaction force member in a region close to a peripheral portion ofsaid panel for construction.
 18. The panel for construction as claimedin claim 15, wherein said gap filling agent is a curable paste or amaterial deformable by bonding pressure of said blocks for construction.19. The panel for construction as claimed in claim 18, wherein saidpaste is a cement paste or liquid glass.
 20. A method of forming a panelfor structure comprising steps of: arranging said plurality of blocksfor construction claimed in claim 11 to be adjacent to each other in aflat state with a gap filling agent for dispersing stress interveningbetween outer peripheral surfaces of said blocks for construction andwith said plurality of through holes communicating with each other,inserting stretching members into said plurality of the through holeswhile disposing said stretching members on said recessed parts, andloading tensile force on said stretching members to bond said blocks forconstruction with pressure.
 21. The block for construction as claimed inclaim 12, wherein a plurality of cavities opening at more than one placeon said outer peripheral surfaces are provided.
 22. A panel forconstruction formed by arranging said plurality of blocks forconstruction claimed in claim 12 in a flat state with outer peripheralsurfaces thereof brought into contact with each other with saidplurality of through holes being communicated, inserting said stretchingmembers into the plurality of through holes while disposing thestretching members on said recessed parts, and bonding said blocks forconstruction with pressure by generating tensile force on saidstretching members.
 23. A panel for construction formed by arrangingsaid plurality of blocks for construction claimed in claim 13 in a flatstate with outer peripheral surfaces thereof brought into contact witheach other with said plurality of through holes being communicated,inserting said stretching members into the plurality of through holeswhile disposing the stretching members on said recessed parts, andbonding said blocks for construction with pressure by generating tensileforce on said stretching members.
 24. The panel for construction asclaimed in claim 15, wherein reaction force members for generatingtensile force on said stretching member are attached to outer peripheralsurfaces of said blocks for construction, the outer peripheral surfacesbeing located on peripheral portions of said panel for construction. 25.A method of forming a panel for structure comprising steps of: arrangingsaid plurality of blocks for construction claimed in claim 12 to beadjacent to each other in a flat state with a gap filling agent fordispersing stress intervening between outer peripheral surfaces of saidblocks for construction and with said plurality of through holescommunicating with each other, inserting stretching members into saidplurality of the through holes while disposing said stretching memberson said recessed parts, and loading tensile force on said stretchingmembers to bond said blocks for construction with pressure.
 26. A methodof forming a panel for structure comprising steps of: arranging saidplurality of blocks for construction claimed in claim 13 to be adjacentto each other in a flat state with a gap filling agent for dispersingstress intervening between outer peripheral surfaces of said blocks forconstruction and with said plurality of through holes communicating witheach other, inserting stretching members into said plurality of thethrough holes while disposing said stretching members on said recessedparts, and loading tensile force on said stretching members to bond saidblocks for construction with pressure.